This publication saw life initially as a report on continuing professional development (CPD) to the Chief Medical Officer. It gives the background to the nature of CPD, its prevalence, types, aims, the educational approaches, and the factors that influence its provision and the participation in CPD programmes. The next section deals with the methodological issues. These include the design of programmes and the assessment of outcomes. The main part of the report is devoted to a review of the literature up to 1997.

There is recognition of the importance, reflected in its prevalence, of self directed learning and of how individuals will largely initiate, control, and evaluate their own continuous learning. This is a difficulty for professional bodies who award credits for more formal learning experiences. The assessment of outcomes is very difficult and falls far short of being able to measure health care benefits, which is what government wants . . . [Full text of this article]