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Management of thyroid disorders

¹ Department of Medicine, Caerphilly Miners’ Hospital, Caerphilly, UK
² Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr L D K E Premawardhana
Department of Medicine, Caerphilly Miners’ Hospital, St Martin’s Road, Caerphilly CF83 2WW, UK; Ldke.Premawardhana{at}gwent.wales.nhs.uk

Autoimmune thyroid disease is the predominant form of thyroid dysfunction in the developed world. Although its precise cause is currently unclear, principles of management have been established. There is a vigorous debate about the management of the increasingly commonly recognised subclinical forms of thyroid dysfunction despite recent recommendations. Nodular thyroid disease and thyroid carcinoma have received wide attention. The effects of drugs and pregnancy on thyroid function have also been investigated widely. This short review attempts to give an overview and clarify the current management of common thyroid disorders.

Abbreviations: GD, Graves’ disease; TA, toxic adenoma; TMNG, toxic multinodular goitre; RAI, radioactive iodine; ATD, antithyroid drug; CMZ, carbimazole; PTU, propylthiouracil; MMI, methimazole; RCT, randomised controlled trial; TED, thyroid eye disease; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone; PPTD, postpartum thyroid dysfunction; SH, subclinical hypothyroidism; SHyper, subclinical hyperthyroidism; NTIS, non-thyroidal illness syndrome; HCG, human chorionic gonadotrophin

Keywords: hypothyroidism; Graves’ disease; drug induced thyroid disease; pregnancy